Future Minds Journal of Sciences and Technology (FMJST) is a biannual, peer-reviewed, open-access research journal published by Al-Irfan Research Center (SMC-Private) Limited, Lahore, Pakistan.

FMJST provides an international platform for publishing original research articles, review papers, and case studies across all areas of science, technology, computer science, and interdisciplinary applications.

The journal is committed to academic excellence, ethical publishing practices, and fostering collaboration among researchers, industry professionals, and society.

Vol. 2 No. 2: July-December 2025

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